Journal Article Reviews (CLO 5)
Components
Three
articles are described with the following for sections each:
Section 1
– Library research description
Section 2
– Article abstracts and references
Section 3
– Research descriptions
Section 4
– Article evaluation
Article
1
Section 1
Source: HCT Libraries page >Discover>Electronic Resources
Search
terms: Global warming
Section 2
Title: GLOBAL WARMING
Furniss, Shannon Montana Business Quarterly 45.2(Summer 2007): 2-8.
Abstract
While the
idea of warmer weather might be appealing to some, things like drought, water
shortages, and increasing wildfires during the summer months are not so
desirable. In a recent roundtable discussion, Steve Running and economists,
industry experts, and editors from the Bureau of Business and Economic Research
and UM's Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research discussed climate
changes and warming trends that are occurring in Montana. Temperature changes
have already had an impact on Montana's tourism industry, and this trend will
continue to accelerate in the next 30 years. Global warming will increase
forest growth throughout Montana. Agriculture is highly sensitive to climate
variability, so rising temperatures could have significant impacts. Montana
should see a stunning realignment of energy sources in upcoming years. Climate
changes in Montana over the next 30 years will be subtle, but they will impact
the industries in a variety of ways.
Reference
1 Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center,
U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior
(www.nrmsc.usgs.gov/research/glaciers.htm). 2 National Park Service, U.S.
Department of the Interior (www.nps.gov/yell/naturescience/wildlandfire.htm). 3
Backus, Perry. "Former FS Chiefs Say Fire Costs Eating Budget."
Missoulian, May, 2007. 4 Smith, Vincent H. "The Challenge of Global
Warming: Economic Issues for Montana." Montana State University. 5 Joyner,
Amy. "The Sky's The Limit: Wind Farms Supplement Traditional Montana Power
Sources." Montana Business Quarterly, Autumn 2006. 6 Gumbel, Peter.
"Global Warming: What Now?" Time magazine, April 9, 2007. 7 Goergen,
Michael. "The Role of Forests in Climate Change." Testimony for the
House Natural Resources Committee, May 1, 2007. 8 Park, Alice. "What
Now?" Time magazine, April 9, 2007. 9 Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy, U.S. Department of Energy (www.eere.energy.gov). 10 Epstein, Paul R.
"Climate Change and Human Health," The New England Journal of
Medicine, October 6, 2005. 11 www.governor.mt.gov.
Section 3
Future Technologies
Carbon sequestration is the process of
removing additional carbon from the atmosphere and depositing it in other
"reservoirs" such as forests, soils, oceans, or underground in
depleted oil and gas reservoirs, coal seams, and saline aquifers.
Cellulosic ethanol is also promising. Conventional ethanol and
cellulosic ethanol are the same product but are produced using different
feedstocks and processes. Conventional ethanol is derived from grains such as
corn and wheat or soybeans. Cellulosic ethanol can be produced from
agricultural plant wastes, plant wastes from industrial processes (sawdust,
paper pulp), and energy crops grown specifically for fuel production, such as
switchgrass. Cellulosic ethanol exhibits a net energy content three times
higher than corn ethanol and emits a low net level of greenhouse gases.
Health Care
But perhaps more subtle, gradual climate
changes can affect human health. During the past two decades, asthma has
quadrupled in the United States, partly due to climate-related factors.10
Allergy-related conditions may also be increasing due to change in allergens
circulating from earlier blooms and/or increased air particulates from
inversion and warming.
It is difficult to determine how global warming might impact Montana's
health care industry other than the fact that doctors may see more people with
asthma and allergies. They may also treat more people with respiratory
illnesses due to an increasing number of wildfires. But there are definitely
some human health and comfort issues that are noteworthy.
Section 4
I think the research finding was
important for Montana State.
Article
2
Section 1
Source: HCT Libraries page >Discover>Electronic Resources
Search terms: Global warming
Section 2
Title: Recent
global-warming hiatus tied to equatorial Pacific surface cooling
Kosaka, Yu; Xie, Shang-Ping Nature
501.7467 (Sep 19, 2013): 403-7.
Abstract
Despite the continued increase in atmospheric
greenhouse gas concentrations, the annual-mean global temperature has not risen
in the twenty-first century1,2, challenging the prevailing view that
anthropogenic forcing causes climate warming. Various mechanisms have been
proposed for this hiatus in global warming3-6, but their relative importance
has not been quantified, hampering observational estimates of climate
sensitivity. Here we show that accounting for recent cooling in the eastern
equatorial Pacific reconciles climate simulations and observations.We present a
novel method of uncovering mechanisms for global temperature change by
prescribing, in addition to radiative forcing, the observed history of sea
surface temperature over the central to eastern tropical Pacific in a climate
model. Although the surface temperature prescription is limited to only 8.2% of
the global surface, our model reproduces the annual-mean global temperature
remarkably well with correlation coefficient r 50.97 for 1970-2012 (which
includes the current hiatus and a period of accelerated global warming).
Moreover, our simulation captures major seasonal and regional characteristics
of the hiatus, including the intensified Walker circulation, the winter cooling
in northwestern NorthAmerica and the prolonged drought in the southernUSA.Our
results show that the current hiatus is part of natural climate variability,
tied specifically to aLa-Niña-like decadal cooling. Although similar decadal
hiatus events may occur in the future, the multi-decadal warming trend is very
likely to continue with greenhouse gas increase.
Reference
1. Easterling, D. R. &
Wehner, M. F. Is the climate warming or cooling? Geophys. Res. Lett. 36, L08706
(2009). 2. Foster, G. & Rahmstorf, S. Global temperature evolution
1979-2010. Environ. Res. Lett. 6, 044022 (2011). 3. Solomon, S. et al.
Contributions of stratospheric water vapor to decadal changes in the rate of
global warming. Science 327, 1219-1223 (2010). 4. Solomon, S. et al. The
persistently variable ''background'' stratospheric aerosol layer and global
climate change. Science 333, 866-870 (2011). 5. Kaufmann, R. K., Kauppi, H.,
Mann, M. L. & Stock, J. H. Reconciling anthropogenic climate change with
observed temperature 1998-2008. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 11790-11793
(2011). 6. Meehl, G. A., Arblaster, J. M., Fasullo, J. T., Hu, A. &
Trenberth, K. E. Model-based evidence of deep-ocean heat uptake during
surface-temperature hiatus periods. Nature Clim. Change 1, 360-364 (2011). 7.
Meehl, G. A. et al. in Climate Change2007: The Physical Science Basis (eds
Solomon, S. et al.). 747-845 (Cambridge University Press, 2007). 8. Delworth,
T. L. et al. GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models. Part I: Formulation and
simulation characteristics. J. Clim. 19, 643-674 (2006). Meehl, G. A., Hu, A.,
Arblaster, J., Fasullo, J. & Trenberth, K. E. Externally forced and
internally generated decadal climate variability associated with the
Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation. J. Clim. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.hct.ac.ae/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00548.1
(2013). 11. Alexander, M. A. et al. The atmospheric bridge: the influence of
ENSO teleconnections on air-sea interaction over the global oceans. J. Clim.
15, 2205-2231 (2002). 12. Lau, N.-C. & Nath, M. J. The role of the
''atmospheric bridge'' in linking tropical PacificENSOevents to
extratropicalSST anomalies. J. Clim. 9, 2036-2057 (1996). 13. Cohen, J. L.,
Furtado, J. C., Barlow, M., Alexeev, V. A. & Cherry, J. E. Asymmetric
seasonal temperature trends. Geophys. Res. Lett. 39, L04705 (2012). 14.
Trenberth, K. E., Caron, J. M., Stepaniak, D. P. & Worley, S. Evolution of
El Niño- Southern Oscillation and global atmospheric surface temperatures. J.
Geophys. Res. 107, AAC5-1-17, http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.hct.ac.ae/10.1029/2000JD000298
(2002). 15. Vecchi, G. A. et al. Weakening of tropical Pacific atmospheric
circulation due to anthropogenic forcing. Nature 441, 73-76 (2006). 16.
Barriopedro, D., García-Herrera, R., Lupo, A. R. & Hernández, E. A climatology
of northern hemisphere blocking. J. Clim. 19, 1042-1063 (2006). 17. Hoerling,
M. et al. Anatomy of an extreme event. J. Clim. 26, 2811-2832 (2013). 18. Wang,
H. et al. Attribution of the seasonality and regionality in climate trends over
the United States during 1950-2000. J. Clim. 22, 2571-2590 (2009). 19. Deser,
C., Knutti, R., Solomon, S. & Phillips, A. S. Communication of the role of
natural variability in future North American climate. Nature Clim. Change 2,
775-779 (2012). 20. Tokinaga, H., Xie, S.-P., Deser, C., Kosaka, Y. &
Okumura, Y. M. Slowdown of the Walker circulation driven by tropical
Indo-Pacific warming. Nature 491, 439-443 (2012). 21. DiNezio, P. N. et al.
Climate response of the equatorial Pacific to global warming. J. Clim. 22, 4873-4892
(2009). 22. Ma, J.&Xie, S.-P. Regional patterns of sea surface temperature
change: a source of uncertainty in future projections of precipitation and
atmospheric circulation. J. Clim. 26, 2482-2501 (2013). 23. Morice, C. P.,
Kennedy, J. J., Rayner, N. A. & Jones, P. D. Quantifying uncertainties in
global and regional temperature change using an ensemble of observational
estimates: the HadCRUT4 data set. J. Geophys. Res. 117, D08101 (2012). 24.
Allan, R. & Ansell, T. A new globally complete monthly historical gridded
mean sea level pressure dataset (HadSLP2): 1850-2004. J. Clim. 19, 5816-5842
(2006). 25. Adler, R. F. et al. The version-2 global precipitation climatology
project (GPCP) monthly precipitation analysis (1979-present). J. Hydrometeorol.
4, 1147-1167 (2003). 26. Taylor, K. E., Stouffer, R. J. & Meehl, G. A. An
overview ofCMIP5 and the experiment design. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 93,
485-498 (2012). 27. Rayner, N. A. et al. Global analyses of sea surface
temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late
nineteenth century. J. Geophys. Res. 108, 4407 (2003). 28. Sen, P. K. Estimates
of the regression coefficient based on Kendall's tau. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 63,
1379-1389 (1968). 29. Trenberth, K. E. Signal versus noise in the Southern
Oscillation. Mon. Weath. Rev. 112, 326-332 (1984). 30. Fetterer, F. &
Knowles, K. Sea ice index monitors polar ice extent. Trans. AGU 85, 163 (2004).
Section 3
METHODS SUMMARY
We used the Hadley Centre-Climate Research
Unit combined land SAT and SST (HadCRUT) version 4.1.1.0 (ref. 23), the Hadley
Centre mean SLP data set version 2 (HadSLP2, ref. 24) and monthly precipitation
data fromthe Global Precipitation ClimatologyProject (GPCP) version 2.2 (ref.
25).We examined three sets of coupled model experiments based on the
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory coupled model version 2.1 (ref. 8). HIST
is forced by historical radiative forcing for 1861- 2005 and Representative
Concentration Pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) for 2006-2040, based on Coupled Model
Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5, ref. 26). In POGA-HandPOGA-C
experiments, SSTis restored to themodel climatology plus historical anomaly by
a Newtonian cooling over the deep tropical eastern Pacific. The restoring
timescale is 10 days for a 50-m-deep mixed layer. Figures 2b and 3b shows the
region where SST is restored; within the inner box the ocean surface heat flux
is fully overridden, while in the buffer zone between the inner and outer
boxes, the flux is blended with the model-diagnosed one. In POGA-H, radiative
forcing is identical to HIST, whereas it is fixed at 1990 values in POGA-C. The
three experiments consist of ten member runs each.
Section 4
I think it was a good example of
people who are really working hard to reduce the Global warming
Article
3
Section 1
Source: HCT Libraries page >Discover>Electronic Resources
Search
terms: Global warming
Section 2
Title: European Journal of Training and Development
Author(s):Eugene
Sadler-Smith (Surrey Business School, University of Surrey,
Guildford, UK)
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Abstract
This study aims to make sense of global
warming. Using the concept of design science (as distinct from explanatory
science) and by drawing on recent debates in management and organization
studies, the study considers whether the principal mission of human resource
development (HRD) research should be to design and develop actionable knowledge
that practitioners in organizations can use to solve their pressing field
problems. By way of illustration, it poses the question of whether HRD
research, in terms of design science principles, can offer solutions to one of
the most pressing problems confronting humanity, i.e. global warming.
Reference
1.Davis, L.N. and Mink, O.G. (1992), “Human
resource development: an emerging profession-an emerging purpose”, Studies in
Continuing Education, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 187-202. [CrossRef]
[Infotrieve]2.Epstein,
S. (1994), “Integration of the cognitive and the psychodynamic unconscious”,
American Psychologist, Vol. 49 No. 8, pp. 709-724. [CrossRef],
[ISI]
[Infotrieve]3.Epstein,
S. (2008), “Intuition from the perspective of cognitive-experiential
self-theory”, in Plessner, , H. , Betsch, , C. , Betsch, and T. (Eds),
Intuition in Judgement and Decision Making, Taylor and Francis Group, LLC, New
York, NY. 4.Evans, J.S.B. (2008), “Dual-processing accounts of reasoning,
judgment, and social cognition”, Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 59, pp.
255-278. [CrossRef],
[ISI]
5.Fenwick, T. (2011), “Developing who, for what? notes of caution in rethinking
a global H(R)D: a response to Kuchinke”, Human Resource Development
International, Vol. 14 No. 1, pp. 83-89. [CrossRef]
[Infotrieve]6.Giddens,
A. (2011), The Politics of Climate Change, Polity, Cambridge. 7.Haidt, J.
(2001), “The emotional dog and its rational tail: a social intuitionist
approach to moral judgment”, Psychological Review, Vol. 108 No. 4, pp. 814-834.
[CrossRef],
[ISI]
[Infotrieve]8.Hamlin,
R.G. (2007), “An evidence-based perspective on HRD”, Advances in Developing
Human Resources, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 42-57. [CrossRef]
[Infotrieve]9.Hodgkinson,
G.P. (2013), “Organizational identity and organizational identification: a
critical realist design science perspective”, Group and Organization
Management, Vol. 38 No. 1, pp. 145-157. [CrossRef],
[ISI]
[Infotrieve]10.Huff,
A. , Tranfield, D. and van Aken, J.E. (2006), “Management as a design science
mindful of art and surprise a conversation between Huff, A., Tranfield, D. and
van Aken, J.E. ”, Journal of Management Inquiry, Vol. 15 No. 4, pp. 413-424. [CrossRef],
[ISI]
[Infotrieve]11.Kuchinke,
K.P. (2001), “Why HRD is not an academic discipline”, Human Resource
Development International, Vol. 4 No. 3, pp. 291-294. [CrossRef]
[Infotrieve]12.Kuchinke,
P. (2010), “Human development as a central goal for human resource
development”, Human Resource Development International, Vol. 13 No. 5, pp.
575-585. [CrossRef]
[Infotrieve]13.Lee,
M. (2007), “Human resource development from a holistic perspective”, Advances
in Developing Human Resources, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 97-110. [CrossRef]
[Infotrieve]14.Leiserowitz,
A. , Maibach, E. , Roser-Renouf, C. and Smith, N. (2010), “Climate change in
the American mind: Americans′ global warming beliefs and
attitudes in January 2010”, Yale University and George Mason University. New
Have: CT. Yale Project on Climate Change, available at: http://environment.Yale.edu/uploads/AmericansGlobalWarmingBeliefs2010.pdf
(accessed 17 June 2014). 15.Lieberman, M.D. (2007), “Social cognitive
neuroscience: a review of core processes”, Annual Review of Psychology, Vol.
58, pp. 259-289. [CrossRef],
[ISI]
16.Lorenzoni, I. and Pidgeon, N.F. (2006), “Public views on climate change:
European and USA perspectives”, Climatic Change, Vol. 77 No. 1, pp. 73-95. [CrossRef],
[ISI]
[Infotrieve]17.McGuire,
D. and Garavan, T.N. (2010), “Closing comments: a call to action”, Advances in
Developing Human Resources, Vol. 12 No. 5, pp. 614-616. [CrossRef]
[Infotrieve]18.McLean,
G.N. and McLean, L. (2001), “If we can’t define HRD in one country, how can we
define it in an international context?”, Human Resource Development
International, Vol. 4 No. 3, pp. 313-326. [CrossRef]
[Infotrieve]19.Myers,
T.A. , Maibach, E.W. , Roser-Renouf, C. , Akerlof, K. and Leiserowitz, A.A.
(2013), “The relationship between personal experience and belief in the reality
of global warming”, Nature Climate Change, Vol. 3 No. 4, pp. 343-347. [CrossRef]
[Infotrieve]20.Sadler-Smith,
E. (2013), “Toward organizational environmental virtuousness”, The Journal of
Applied Behavioral Science, Vol. 49 No. 1, pp. 123-148. [CrossRef]
[Infotrieve]21.Seabright,
M.A. (2010), “The role of the affect heuristic in moral reactions to climate
change”, Journal of Global Ethics, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 5-15. [CrossRef]
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H.A. (1969/ 1996), The Sciences of the Artificial, MIT, Cambridge Press, MA.
23.Stanovich, K.E. and West, R.F. (2000), “Individual differences in reasoning:
implications for the rationality debate”, Behavioural and Brain Sciences, Vol.
23 No. 5, pp. 701-717. [CrossRef],
[ISI]
[Infotrieve]24.Stead,
V. and Lee, M. (1996), “Intercultural perspectives on HRD”, in Stewart, , J. ,
McGoldrick, and J. (Eds) Human Resource Development: Perspectives, Strategies
and Practice, Pitman, London, pp. 47-70. 25.Swanson, R.A. (2001), “Human
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[ISI]
[Infotrieve]27.Tranfield,
D. and Starkey, K. (1998), “The nature, social organization and promotion of
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Aken, J.E. (2005), “Management research as a design science: articulating the
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Boundaries, Earthscan, London.
Section 3
Global warming since the mid-20th century as a result of
increased anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations accruing from industrial
and agricultural practices threatens the stability of the whole-Earth system;
the expected consequences for human society are severe and potentially
irreversible. The effects are being felt now (e.g. prevalence of more extreme
weather events and the creation of climate change refugees) and are predicted
to intensify in coming decades. If this comes to pass, the well-being of future
generations will have been imperilled by the actions of current and previous
generations who have been largely oblivious, not to say, reckless with regard
to the longer-term environmental consequences of their actions. This raises the
question of why is so little being done day-to-day by the majority of
individuals and organizations when the nature and scale of the challenge is so
urgent and widely acknowledged by the vast majority of scientists and
policymakers? Can the behavioural sciences help unlock this conundrum, and, on
the basis of relevant discoveries, can HRD research create actionable knowledge
and design effective solutions?
Building on and applying the ideas of dual-process
theorists, in general, Lorenzoni
and Pidgeon (2006) and others, Seabright
(2010) proposed that the dual-process perspective provides insights into
how people react (or more particularly fail to react) to the acknowledged
threats posed by global warming. His thesis – which aligns well with “Giddens’
Paradox” (Giddens,
2011) – was that due to the spatial and temporal distances of the threats
and their consequences. The most severe effects are likely to be on future
generations and any current severe effects such as those experienced by Torres
Strait Islanders of Northern Australia, ethnic Somalis displaced from Ethiopia
into Kenya are spatially distant from those of us fortunate enough to live in
areas currently unaffected directly to any significant degree. Consequently,
they fail to engage experiential/intuitive sensemaking, but that it is
precisely this mode of processing which is the most powerful mobilizer of and
motivator for action in the human organism. On the other hand, reactions to
climate change which are founded on impersonal, dispassionate, unsituated
analytically based sensemaking are less powerful motivators for concern and
action (Lorenzoni
and Pidgeon, 2006; Seabright,
2010).
Section 4
I
think it was a good example of people who are really working hard to reduce the
Global warming
